Mgt 521 Communication Scenarios - 1024 Words

Communication Channel Scenarios Response to certain scenarios, with which communication channel should be used Helen L Rivas University of Phoenix Abstract In the following pages you will find responses to certain scenarios and which communication channel is best. There are two (2) main forms of communication channels, oral communication and written communication (Robbins amp; Judge 2011). Within the two (2) forms of communication channels there are ten (10) different communication channels; â€Å"formal reports, memos and letters, prerecorded speeches, electronic mail, online discussion groups, voicemail, live speeches, telephone conversations, video conferences, and face to face conversations† (Robbins amp; Judge 2011). There will†¦show more content†¦Scenario #3 ‘You are the owner of small editing company. You have ten employees working for you. Business has been slow and the bills are piling up. You have done just about everything you can to cut costs but you are still unable to pay the bills. You do not want to close the business. You have done some number crunching and you found that by reducing your workforce from 10 to 6 you can pay your bills and remain profitable.’ The best way to inform my employees about the workforce reduction would be face to face conversation. I would use this communication channel in a meeting setting. I would have all the employees together at once time. I would do this to save time and so that they may see that I truly tried to keep all my employees, however it is a difficult decision that I had to make. No to inform the affected employee, meaning the employee that is being laid off, I would do face to face conversation; however it would be a private conversation. I would do this because I would like to respect the employee and give them their privacy in this situation. Letting an individual go whether firing them or laying them off is a delicate matter and but be handled as such. Conclusion It is because of personal preference; however I prefer face to face conversation. I believe that face to face conversation delivers information quickly. Also in face to face conversation everyone is able to see if the information being transmitted is being understood. If there are anyShow MoreRelatedProject Management and Rick963 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Developing Your Empowering People (Delegating) Skill â€Å"Developing Your Empowering People (Delegating) Skill† Elam A. Ramos MGT/521 January 15, 2014 Elsie Jimenez-Galarza Abstract Presents the analysis and give a team solution to the delegation scenario from Chapter 10 of the MGT/521 Management text book. Scenario Ricky Lee is the manager of the contracts group of a large regional office supply distributor. His boss, Anne Zumwalt, has asked him to prepareRead MoreCommunication Scenario721 Words   |  3 PagesCommunication Channel Scenarios MGT/521 Management November 27th, 2011 Communication Channel Scenarios In business, how information is communicated is very important and has a lasting impression. Selecting the correct method ensures that everyone is aware of any changes being made and has a clear understanding of how the changes will be implemented. In this paper, the student is responsible for reading three scenarios and responding accordingly. Scenario 1 In scenario one, theRead MoreMgt 521 Final Exams1649 Words   |  7 PagesMGT 521 FINAL EXAMS http://www.finalexamguideline.com/MGT-521-FINAL-EXAM-34.htm 1) John writes a memo to his employees. Putting his thoughts onto paper is an example of A. communicating B. messaging C. encoding D. cryptography 2) Chantel received an invitation to a web meeting that will take place at 3:00 p.m. She accepted the invitation. This is an example of A. formal channels of communication B. spontaneous communication C. feedback as a function of communication Read MoreThe Art of Delegation817 Words   |  4 PagesThe Art of Delegation: Five Behaviors of Effective Delegators Ben F. Soares, Zoua Yang, Thomas Manning, Ziad Shamma MGT/521 September 13, 2013 James Sternieri The Art of Delegation: Five Behaviors of Effective Delegators Managers of companies of all varying sizes often will have multiple tasks to perform. Good managers need to decide which tasks they will perform themselves and which tasks will be delegated to others. When managers delegate assignments they mustRead MorePersonal Values Paper1059 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Value Alignment with KFF Paper Mgt 521, University of Phoenix Leonard Van McLendon August 30, 2010 Niraj Kohli, Instructor The purpose of this paper is to identify my personal values in order to determine how my values align with the values of KFF and how this alignment would affect my performance as a manager at KFF. According to the Jungian Personality assessment my personality is that of an ENTJ which It calls as The Executive. It defines me as a natural bornRead MoreMgt 521 Syllabus3560 Words   |  15 PagesSyllabus School of Business MGT/521 Version 5 Management Course Description This course applies the tools available to University of Phoenix graduate students and the competencies of successful managers to understand the functions of business. Students develop an increased awareness of their own perceptions and values in order to manage and communicate with others more effectively. Other topics include MBA program goals, argument construction, decision making, collaboration, and academic

Analysis of Edgar Allen Poes The Tell-Tale Heart

Edgar Allen Poes 1843 short story The Tell-Tale Heart is about a young man who becomes mortally obsessed with an old mans creepy eye and ultimately kills him. Thomas Hardys 1902 poem The Man He Killed is about a soldier who has become used to killing people just because they are on the other side of the war. Both of these narratives lend insight into guilt related to death, told by a person who is self-aware enough to tell the story in a first person narrative. Moreover, both of these stories have a similarly suspenseful tone that accompanies imagery of death and murder. Although one is a short story and the other a poem, Poe and Hardy also rely on a similar plot structure in which the narrator relates how and why he killed another man rather arbitrarily. In spite of these core similarities, there are also strong differences between The Tell-Tale Heart and The Man He Killed. In spite of these differences, both Poes The Tell-Tale Heart and Hardys The Man He Killed use point of view, t one, and plot to discuss attitudes toward death and guilt. A first-person narrator provides an intimate point of view that helps convey attitudes toward death and guilt. Both Poe and Hardy rely on their narrators to convey concepts related to death and killing. Told in the first person, The Tell-Tale Heart is more about the narrator than about the victim of the murder. In The Man He Killed, the first person narration likely takes the readers attention away from the victimShow MoreRelatedFreudian Analysis of Edgar Allen Poes a Tell Tale Heart Essay665 Words   |  3 PagesErika Barnett Professor Curley Daring the Nightmare 13 October 2010 A Freudian Analysis of â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† By Edgar Allen Poe As an esteemed psychologist analyzing this accused murderer, I have found a few key pieces of evidence that ultimately lead me to the decision that the murderer is in fact mad and I recommend psychological rehabilitation as well as jail sentence as a proper penalty for the crime committed. Although, he claims he can recount the night of the murder â€Å"healthily andRead MoreComparitve Analysis of the Raven Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe1257 Words   |  6 PagesComparative Analysis of the Tell Tale Heart and the Raven Edgar Allen Poe was the author of several daunting works of literature. Two examples of Edgar Allen Poes literature are The Tell Tale Heart and The Raven. If we compare these two works, one a short story and the other a poem, we will see that Poe shows great mastery of symbolism, as well as other forms of literary technique. In these two stories, many people would say that Poe uses the tales to reflect the way he perceivesRead MoreRunning Head: Edgar Allen Poe 1. Edgar Allen Poe2. . .1286 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: EDGAR ALLEN POE 1 EDGAR ALLEN POE 2 Edgar Allen Poe Name Course Professor’s name Institution Date Edgar Allen Poe Edgar Allen Poe is well recognized as the author of numerous great stories of suspense and horror. He also needs to be remembered as the single author who did help in establishing and developing the real contribution of the America to the actual literature of the world, the short-story form (Bagert, 2008). Poe was the initial writer who recognizedRead MoreEssay on The Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allen Poe1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allen Poe Symbols and imagery of horror and death in a story touch the reader like a fingertip against a chord and can make the heart resonate with fear and woe as the suspended lute with tone. The verbal illustration that is used in the opening phrase in Edgar Allen Poes The Fall of the House of Usher is as strong as the imagery of dismay utilized throughout the rest of the story, like the dark and gloomy house. The vivid colors and visuals in theRead MoreTell Tale Heart Essay1367 Words   |  6 PagesIn â€Å"Tell Tale Heart,† Edgar Allen Poe develops the plot and creates a mood through the use of metaphors, symbolism, imagery, and foreshadowing. The unique use of said literary devices enables the story to strongly entice the reader’s interest and spark high levels of curiosity. The vivid mental pieces of art are beautifully painted with metaphors, symbolism, and imagery, the tools mastered by the painter, Edgar Allen Poe. The initial analysis will be that of the old man’s eye. Mr. Poe uses veryRead MoreRomanticism Defined By The Merriam Webster Dictionary1864 Words   |  8 Pageswriting was created. â€Å"Romanticism witnessed a steady loosening of the rules of artistic expression that were pervasive during earlier times†(Rahn). Romanticism was a completely new outlet of literature. It created many famous writers, such as Edgar Allan Poe. Edgar Allan Poe was the best writer of his time, born January 19 1809, to actors David and Eliza Poe. From the very beginning that he had a troubles childhood. His parents, couple of years after his birth, died from sickness He was separated fromRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe and Love 1059 Words   |  5 Pagesfor his short storys The Raven and A Tell-Tale Heart, Poe also wrote poems that reflected his struggles through out his life. Poe was born in 1809, Thomas Jefferson was president. Lots of events occurred during Poe’s life with the beginning of the war of 1812, to the writing of â€Å"Frankenstein† by Mary Shelley, and â€Å"The Vampyre† written by John Polidori. Slavery was banned in England in 1833 and a year later, The Spanish Inquisition ends in 1834 .During Poe’s short life of forty years; writers suchRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1030 Words   |  5 PagesA Guilty- Mad Heart â€Å"Burduck then goes on to ponder how Poe used cultural anxieties and psychological panic to advantage.† (Grim Phantasms, G.A. Cevasco). In The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe, a nameless man narrates the story of how he murdered an elderly man because of his eyes. In his short story The Tell-Tale Heart, Poe shows the themes of guilt and the descent into madness through the narrator, in this gothic horror story. Edgar Allan Poe wrote many gothic tales throughout his lifeRead More Juxtaposing the Most Similar Contradiction in Edgar Allan Poes Work2077 Words   |  9 PagesThroughout all of Edgar Allan Poes works are common ideas that oppose each such as madness versus sanity, reality versus the imagined reality and life versus death. Usually these sentiments are taken as contrasting ideas with little similarities to each other, like black and white. However, many of these motifs are situated in the grey category. Poe uses the communal thought pathway to highlight its antithesis; the pathway of grey. With the new pathway, he emphasizes the similarities of the opposingRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allen Poe Essay1452 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† Analysis and Opinion Edgar Allen Poe, born January 19, 1809 in Boston Massachusetts, is famously known for his tales and poems of horror and mystery that evoked the interest of readers worldwide, and still do to this day. Some background about Poe is that his father, David Poe Jr., left his family early in Poe’s life, and his mother, Elizabeth Arnold Poe, died when Poe was just three years old due to tuberculosis. He had to be separated from his sister, Rosalie, and his brother

Losing Faith Young Goodman Brown Essay - 1017 Words

Losing Faith Young Goodman Brown Throughout the short story Young Goodman Brown, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne the main character is searching for Faith in what appears to be an increasingly corrupt world. Faith takes on a double meaning in this story, for Faith is used both as the name of Young Goodman Browns pretty young wife and the spiritual devotion of Young Goodman Brown to the Puritan Faith. The dual usage of Faith in this short story, along with its theme of devil worship amongst Puritan society draws the reader in, and leaves the story imprinted on his brain for a long time to come. As the story opens, Young Goodman Brown is about to enter the forest to partake upon an evil purpose. He leaves behind his sweet, pretty,†¦show more content†¦103). To this Young Goodman Brown replies it is too far, and that his father never went on such an errand (p. 103). In reality, Young Goodman Browns father has walked the very same path, beside the man carrying the serpent. In fact, all of the highly moral people of the town walk in the forest at night. Among the devil worshippers are faces that would be seen the next day at the council board of the province, and others which, Sabbath after Sabbath, looked devoutly heavenward (p. 109). Deacon Gookin, who preaches from the pulpit about righteousness, is the leader of the Devil worship, and Goody Cloyse who teaches the catechism too walks the dark path. It seems that in this town of fraudulent Puritans, no one is immune to the power of the dark one. No one, that is but Young Goodman Brown, for he alone has his Faith. As Young Goodman Brown continues down the dark path, he is continually searching for his lost Faith. His Faith would not allow him to enter such a dark forest where the Devil reigns as king. He screams for Faith in agony and desperation, but the echoes of the forest mock him, and something flutters lightly down through the air and caught on the branch of a tree (p. 107). It is a pink ribbon; the last remnant of Young Goodman Browns lost Faith. The pink ribbon in a literal sense proves that Young Goodman Browns wife is lost in the forest, for her hair is always adorned withShow MoreRelated Losing Faith in Young Goodman Brown Essay759 Words   |  4 PagesLosing Faith in Young Goodman Brown In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Goodman Brown is tempted by the evil that surrounds him and he must keep his faith in order to resist it. The use of the events, characters, and symbols throughout the story show that evil is present in the people of the town in which Goodman Brown lives and how Goodman Brown’s faith in them is lost. Humanity is basically flawed and people struggle with making the choice between good and evil. ThroughoutRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown Essay(Symbolism)1543 Words   |  7 PagesIBEnglish III 13 September 2011 â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† Analysis One of the factors that shaped the New World was religion; it was a pillar in the fledgling society and a reason for migration for so many Europeans. Puritanism was a major belief system that held strongly throughout the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. Nathaniel Hawthorne, a nineteenth century American novelist and short story writer, composed the story of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† which takes place in Salem. AllRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Young Goodman Brown1393 Words   |  6 Pagesstory â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is a fight between Evil and Good of both the mind and soul of Young Goodman Brown. Tries Retaining his faith but fails and sees those around him to be evil except himself. Evil is the nature of humankind it hides in the shadows of our inner thoughts. It is the temptation we face on a daily basis. We have the choice whether to give into it or merely overcome it. During his journey through the dark woods Young Goodman Brown sought out his inner evil. Young Goodman Brown, theRead MoreLosing Faith By Nathaniel Hawthorne848 Words   |  4 PagesLosing Faith The theme of losing faith has been a favorite subject of many writers throughout history. In the bible, Moses was forbidden from entering the promise land because of the sins he had committed and ultimately losing his faith. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Nathaniel Hawthorne writes about a young man who goes on a mysterious journey through the forest, which forever changes him and his faith. Hawthorne introduces us to Goodman Brown, a recently married young Puritan, who decides to leaveRead MoreFaith Is The Most Significant Symbol Of Brown s Personal Faith933 Words   |  4 Pages However, he still had Faith. Faith is the most significant symbol of Brown’s personal faith. From her name to her pink ribbons, Faith is goodness, virtue, and purity personified. From the beginning of the story, Hawthorne makes it clear how heavily Young Goodman Brown relies on his young wife. Brown referred to her as â€Å"’a blessed angel on earth,’† and to rationalize his journey he told himself that â€Å"’after this one night, I’ll cling to her skirts and follow her to Heaven’† (Hawthorne 261). WhenRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown Analysis876 Words   |  4 PagesHawthorne’s story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† appears to be a story about original sin with a lot of symbolism tied in to make it an allegory. An allegory is a story that can be interpreted in different ways to find the hidden meaning behind the symbolism in the story. The three things focused on throughout the short story is Faith, the forest that Goodman Brown takes his journey through, and the staff, which the old man who leads Goodman Brown on his way carries. The short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† uses severalRead More Faith in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay1105 Words   |  5 Pagesstory â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is set in Salem, Massachusetts during the late sixteen hundreds in a time of religious hysteria and only a few generations after the infamous witch trials. Although Young Goodman Brown is a fictional tale, it is based on the cynical environment of Salem during this time period. The short story is filled with many literary elements, leading you to question what did exactly happen to the main character at the conclusion. When analyzing a story like Young Goodman Brown, oneRead MoreNathaniel Hawth orne s Young Goodman Brown847 Words   |  4 PagesFaith is a word often used to describe the trust that one has in God; as expressed in a novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† In Young Goodman Brown, one of Hawthorne’s biggest themes is faith. Hawthorne wrote this story to illustrations how temptation and the views of others can influence the way an individual lives. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† takes place in the 1800s during the time of the Salem Witch Trials; where emphasis was positioned on the strict moral rules and the searchRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1695 Words   |  7 PagesShort story, Young Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne is set in Puritan New England. Hawthorne uses symbolism, description, scenery, and Goodman’s journey to illustrate and symbolize the battle of good versus evil. In the first scene, we see how Young Goodman Brown leaves his wife, Faith, to start on his â€Å"evil† journey through the woods. Though Faith asks him to stay with her, he chooses to continue on even though he knows the evilness lies ahead. As the story continues, we see how HawthorneRead MoreThe Curse Of A Vivid Dream915 Words   |  4 Pagesand shadow. In the story Young Goodman Brown was once a great man. Now he sees everyone as a sinful and bitter person, how did this come to be? It all began one night when Young Goodman Brown had a dream that changed his life forever. In his dream he saw his wife and the good people of his town attend a Witches’ Sabbath. This changes Young Goodman Brown`s perception of reality and how he perceives everyone around him to be devil worshippers. The changes Young Goodman Brown goes through mentally, affect

A Theological Account Of Death And Dying - 2501 Words

Candidate No: 000648153 TMM2171 Christian Faith Ethical Living Essay Two Martha Grace Weatherill Christian Faith Ethics Essay Two Draft Word Count: 2680 How should a theological account of death and dying shape the morale debate concerning euthanasia The debate on whether it is moral to assist in suicide or euthanasia has been very strong and heated by both sides of the argument, this debate has not gone away although the bill for the arguments for assisted suicide and euthanasia was lost in the UK parliament last year.[footnoteRef:1] Using the works of catholic theologians from the fourth century to the twenty first century, this essay gives the theological account of death and dying and aims to shape the moral debate concerning†¦show more content†¦as one identifies with Christ?s suffering, death and resurrection (Hope). Therefore, the Christian understanding is to accept death as natural even though it is a punishment from the fall. This acceptance will help the Christian?s ?journey? with death in their lives and the lives of friends and family, by treating the dying with care and dignity as a community and by addressing and managing the ?total pain? of the individual as practiced in hospices.[footnoteRef:4] [2: Da vid Albert Jones, Approaching the End: A Theological Exploration of Death and Dying (Oxford?; New York: OUP Oxford, 2007), 24.] [3: Ibid., 37.] [4: Beville, Dying to Kill, 285?301.] For Thomas Aquinas, a thirteenth century theologian, in agreement with Augustine, he maintains that dying is because of sin and is natural when it occurs because of elements in the body that are contrary to existence. He argues that suicide and indeed assisted killing is viewed as death in an ?unnatural state? because what happens is that the individual killed is deprived of their life, the community loses one of its members and the person?s soul is dead in a manner that is not natural. Jones takes this even further by suggesting that it is even worse to kill someone out of mercy because the innocent deserves our protection. Aquinas maintains that this sort of death is against a person?s natural love of self and it questions God?s authority. David AlbertShow MoreRelatedTheology Leads to Interpretation1336 Words   |  6 PagesEmily Dickinson’s extensive collection of poems on the subject of death can be better understood individually once time has been taken to view her works as whole. By viewing the works as a whole, it is possible to conclude a likely theological view point of the author and then apply this theology to the individual works in order to improve interpretation. Emily Dickinson’s poem â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† is one such poem that when viewed individually is open to a wide scope of readingsRead MoreSignificance Of Christ s Resurrection Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pagescannot be too easy to explain. On the theological aspect, which all Christians should be take into consideration to ponder and come to a realization that this event (the resurrection) has completely changed the course of human history as regarding to the communion between man and God the Father. A necessary step in the reconciliation process between man’s sinful nature and God as a just judge. So it is not whether it is one or another, historical or theological. Whether the audience is believer orRead MoreCritique On The Resurrection Of Christ : Theological Implications By Daniel B. Wallace Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pages In our second article critique we have to critique an article about â€Å"The Resurrection of Christ: Theological Implications† written by Daniel B. Wallace. Before getting to the content in this article we must first talk some about the author. Daniel B. Wallace has taught Greek and New Testament courses on a graduate school level since 1979. He has a Ph.D. from Dallas Theological Seminary, and is currently professor of New Testament Studies at his alma mater. His Greek Grammar BeyondRead MoreChrists Resurrection Essay923 Words   |  4 Pageshope, because, as He, by rising again, became victorious over death, so the victory of our faith consists only in His resurrection.† This is my favorite saying, because Jesus does bring hope, even during trials and pain. Thomas Aquinas once said, â€Å"We gather the effect of Christs death in the Sacraments so far as remission of guilt goes: at the end of the world we shall gain the effect of Christs resurrection in our deliverance from death.† The saying that speaks to my heart the most is what St. AugustineRead MoreRevelations in the Bible Essay920 Words   |  4 Pages This scenario proves why Jesus is not fighting for God in heaven along with Michael because Jesus fight will be the historical one. The engagement that Jesus would have with the dragon would happen on earth on the cross (12:11). While Jesus is dying on the cross, Michael and his angels are fighting in heaven with the dragon. When Michael expels the dragon from heaven, Jesus is resurrected and taken to the throne. As Jesus rises to heaven, the dragon is thrown down to earth which the dragon takesRead MoreAnalysis Of Galatians s Galatians 1692 Words   |  7 Pagespart of the promise that God made to Abram and his offspring (Christ). Instead the Law was created because of the sins of the people of Israel and because of that it was a prison to the people. Paul then tells the Galatians that Christ coming and dying on the cross was the way to get the people out from underneath the confines of the law, to allow them to be truly free and righteous. Chapter 4 is the mood swing chapter in my opinion. Paul changes pace from being the angry father to the GalatiansRead MoreThe Theological Doctor Who Delivers Essay1040 Words   |  5 PagesThe theological Doctor who delivers the epilogue underscores the play’s moral lesson: â€Å"And he that hath his account whole and sound, high in heaven he shall be crowned† (lines 916-917). He reminds the audience that this play about dying right is, equally, in the end, about the importance of living right. Our life, our mortality is futile – Everyman seeks to impress upon its audience an awareness of life’s impermanence, and ability to discern the eternal in the midst of the transitory, and a commitmentRead MoreAn Analysis of Christianity1094 Words   |  5 Pagesthat, through the death and resurrection of Jesus,sinful humans are reconciled to God and thereby attain salvation and the promise of eternal life. While there have been theological disputes over the nature of Jesus, most Christians believe that Jesus is God incarnate and â€Å"true God and true man†.Jesus,having become fully human in all respects, including the aspect of mortality,suffered the pains and temptations of a mortal man,yet he did not sin. As fully God, he defeated death and rose to life againRead MoreEschatology2104 Words   |  9 PagesBishop Patteson Theological College Kohimarama 2013 Eschatology and Soteriology Assignment One (What cultural module you would use to explain Eschatology to your congregation) Name: Ellison Gito Course: THEO 235/ESCHATOLOGY/SOTERIOLOGY Semester: One Diploma: Three Year: 2013 Due date: March, Lecturer: Rev. Fox Mark CONTENTS Page 1) Introduction 1 2) Definition of Eschatology 1 3) Traditional Belief to Eschatology in Isabel 2 Read MoreA Case Study on Clinical Pastoral Education Essay7178 Words   |  29 PagesMINISTRY B. PATIENT’S BACKGROUND INFORMATION C. FIRST ENCOUNTER (VERBATIM) D. PRELIMINARY REFLECTION a. my initial reaction b. main issues c. my plan of action d. psychological theory at work e. spiritual assessment f. theological reflection E. SECOND ENCOUNTER (followed by preliminary reflection including session a-f) F. THIRD ENCOUNTER (followed by preliminary reflection including session a-f) G. CONCLUSION A. INTRODUCTION AND THEOLOGY OF MINISTRY:

Cytogenetics Several Hereditary Diseases

Question: Discuss about theCytogeneticsfor Several Hereditary Diseases. Answer: Introduction The abnormalities in the genetic formation of human beings can give rise to several hereditary diseases (Ettorre 2013). The alteration in the DNA sequence due mutation is mainly responsible for the genetic diseases. The mutation can be caused by the alteration can be of single-base mutation, where alteration occurs in just one gene. The alternation can also occur in multiple genes. The diagnosis of these genetic disorders occurs during the time right after birth or even after the many years. The muscular dystrophy is one of the most common forms of genetic disorder, where a child faces weakness while doing movement. Besides, muscular dystrophy, there are many other forms of muscular disorder that can occur due to the genetic disorders. A child can also face mental and physical developmental delay due to genetic disease like Down syndrome. In this study report, the analysis of a 5-year-old infant, who is suffering from weakness in the lower muscle and developmental delay, is done. The genetic disorder that the child is suffering is being identified with the result that is obtained from the molecular karyotyping. The ways the function of the gene is altered is also discussed by mentioning the changes that took place at the molecular DNA level. Concept of Cytogenetics and Molecular Karyotyping The cytogenetics is a special branch of the study of genetics, which deals with the structure and function of human chromosome. The G-banding is a special staining technique that is used to identify the structure of a chromosome within the cell (Hamerton 2013). With the help of the result of the G-banding, it is possible to discover the genetic disease. The change in the structure of a human chromosome can compromise the developmental process of a human. The abnormality in the formation of the chromosome can occur during the time of fetal development. The structural change within a chromosome can disrupt the function of the gene, which in turn can affect the process of synthesis and functioning of proteins. The cytogenetic analysis needs to perform in every new born baby to diagnosis if there is any genetic disease. The data that is obtained from the result of the cytogenetic analysis help in accurate diagnosis of a genetic disorder that a child is suffering. The molecular karyotyping is a biological technique that is able to detect a disorder in the sequence of the DNA. All the genetic disorders like developmental delay, congenital, autism and many more can be identified with the help of this technology (Stephanie et al. 2013). The base pair position of a DNA sequence is done with the support of the sequencing. If the base pair of chromosome 2 is number 1 and the last base pair is 243,199,373, then it indicates that the base of DNA in chromosome 2. In the band that is obtained from the experiment of molecular karyotyping the number 2 is the chromosome location within the band. 243 is the genomic position on chromosome 3 that is the first breakpoint and 373 is the genomic position of the end breakpoint. The position between the first and the end genomic point is deleted or duplicated due to the molecular mutation that leads to genetic disease (Patassini et al. 2013). Description of the DMD Gene The DMD is one of the major genes that is found in the human body has the information stored that is required for synthesis of the protein called dystrophin. This protein is located in the muscle cells and helps in the movement of the skeletal and cardiac muscle. It is also present in the nerve cells of the brain in negligible amount (Strmecki et al. 2014). The dystrophin protein is of rod-shaped that helps to connect the muscle fiber and cytoskeleton. The DMD gene covers 2.3 megabases and the locus at the X-chromosome is at Xp21, which consists of 0.08% of the human genome. The RNA that is transcribed from the DNA of the gene consists of 2100 kilobase, and the transcription process takes nearly 16 hours. The processed mRNA that is the end-product of the first transcript is of 14.0-kilo base (Dick et al. 2013). The dystrophin is a cohesive type of protein that helps to link the actin filaments of the protein that is present in the plasma of the muscle tissues. Hence the protein is able to get support from inside the surface of sarcolemma. The dystrophin also provides support to the fiber of the muscle and thereby help in the reducing the muscle stiffness. Gene Mapping of DMD Gene The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is an online database that is a catalog of all the genetic disease that occurs in human. This catalog is being regularly updated as new genetic diseases are being discovered. The phenotypes of the genetic diseases are also represented in the OMIM. The genetic disorders that have been recorded in the OMIM are recorded from over 15,000 genes. The link between the phenotype and genotype is also mentioned in the database (Omim.org, 2016). The database is one of the widely used sources for identifying the cause and symptoms related to a genetic disease. Hence, it can act as a reliable source of literature in the medical study and research. The gene browser is also an important database source that is used in the identification of genetic disorders. It uses the techniques of bioinformatics in order to graphically display the data that is obtained from the molecular karyotyping of a gene. The visual display mapping of the gene helps the researcher to identify the exact point of mutation within a gene. In the given case the UCSC gene browser is used, which is controlled by the University of California in Santa Cruz. This website helps to provide the gene mapping of the gene of several vertebrates and invertebrates. The website is graphically optimized in order to help the user to obtain faster and accurate result of the molecular karyotyping (Duan et al. 2014). The OMIM Allelic Variants that is obtained after molecular karyotyping of the given gene sequence is given below: OMIM Allelic Variants: 300473.0021 Adrenal Hypoplasia, Congenital OMIM: 300473: DSS-AHC critical region on the X chromosome, gene 1 Amino Acid Replacement: Tyr197Ter Position: chrX: 30308773-30308773 Band: Xp 21.2 Genomic Size: 1 (Anon, 2016) Hence, due to the depletion of the 92 kb gene sequence at the X chromosome at locus Xp21(32,699,367-32,791,566) the amino acid Tryptophan at the 197 position of the dystrophin protein is being replaced by a different amino acid that is coded using different codon. Therefore, due to the defect in the DMD gene at the above mentioned locus the child, in this case, is suffering from the Beckers muscular dystrophy and developmental delay. The method that was used in the gene mapping, in this case, included loading of the OMIM allelic variant file into the MySQL table that was obtained from the OMIM. The data that was obtained was identified using the corresponding genetic variants that are present in the database of the table. Disease Due to Defect in the DMD Gene Mutation is the prime cause of a genetic disease that occurs within human beings, which occurs due to the alternation or depletion in the sequence of the DNA. The size of the mutation can vary in size as they can affect a single block of DNA or even a large segment of a chromosome. The mutations within a gene can be of hereditary type, where the mutated gene is inherited from the parents (Gerstung et al. 2015). The DNA that is received by an offspring from the sperm and egg cells is already mutated. The child, thus born has a high chance of suffering from genetic disease. On the other hand, acquired mutation occurs during the lifetime of an individual, where changes in the DNA sequence occurs due to some external environmental agents like expose in UV rays of the sun or also due to errors in the process of DNA replication. Acquired mutations occur in the somatic cells and hence cannot be passed to the next generations. In this case, the five-year-old child is suffering from muscular dystrophy that is caused due to the mutation in the DMD gene is of heredity type as it is passed from the X chromosome (Stenson et al. 2014). There are more than 1000 types of mutation at the molecular level that can occur in the DMD gene. The defect in the DMD gene can cause weakness in the cardiac and skeletal muscle of the human body. This clinical condition is described as the muscular dystrophy that also can cause developmental delay in children. The muscles that are suffering from the muscular dystrophy can damage due to repeated contraction and relaxation of the muscle (Ishmukhametova et al. 2013). In order for the normal muscle to function properly, only 0.002% of the total muscle protein consists of dystrophin. Nevertheless, in case total absence of this protein, a person suffers from muscular dystrophy. In the case given, the 5-year-old child, who is having weakness in the lower limb muscle, is suffering from muscular dystrophy. The child may not be able to show the physical movement properly and also might have to depend on wheelchair for proper action. The mutation in the DMD gene can lead to synthesis of partially functioned protein and thereby lead to Beckers muscular dystrophy (BMD). This BMD is a type of X-linked recessive disorder. The symptoms of this disease include weakness in the muscle movement, muscle cramp, problem in breathing, cardiac trouble, elevated level of creatine kinase in blood and deformities in the skeleton and chest (Angelini 2014). As the disease is of X-linked recessive, the gene of this dystrophin protein is located on the X chromosome. As in case of female, there are two X chromosome present, if one of the X chromosomes is carrying the defective gene, the second X chromosome can provide the copy of the working gene. Hence, one X chromosome can provide the alternative for the detective chromosome. Therefore, muscular dystrophy occurs only in man as they have only one X chromosome. Females, who are the carrier of this defective gene, have 50% chance of passing this gene to the next generation. In case of son, the individual will be affected by the disease; on the other hand, if the individual is a daughter, she will be carrier of this defective gene. In case men, who are suffering from BMD will have daughter, who will be carrier of this disease. However, the sons will not inherit the gene for this disease. The chance of suffering from BMD is 1.5 in every 100,000 males. It is important for the person, who is af fected by BMD need to have genetic counseling before they are planning to have babies (Zong et al. 2015). Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is another major type of muscular dystrophy, where muscle of the upper legs and pelvis are poorly developed, and the patient is unable to show proper movement. Children, who are suffering from DMD is often seen to display neurological disorder, and other types of mental developmental delay as the dystrophin protein is an important constituent of the muscle tissues that are present in the brain. The child may also lose the ability to walk properly and take the help of wheelchair for proper movement (Yiu and Kornberg 2015). The gene that is responsible for the synthesis of the dystrophin gene consist of 79 exons and with the help of DNA testing, it is possible to identify the exact location of mutation in the gene of interest (Gil et al. 2013). Muscle biopsy can also be performed, where tissues muscle is extracted from the patient, and the immunochemistry test is performed with it. The positive result of the test will indicate that absence of the DMD protein. There is also the parental test that can be done for the diagnosis of muscular dystrophy. There is no permanent cure for the treatment of muscular dystrophy. Corticostriods such as the deflazacort and prednisolone can provide short-term relief by providing muscular strength. The beta2-agonists can also provide support to the movement of the muscle. Physical therapy is also one of the popular techniques to help the patients. The use of orthopedic appliances can also provide support to the movement of the child (Mendell et al. 2013). Conclusion In the given case, the 5-year-old child is showing the symptoms of weakness in the limbic muscle, and there is also the developmental delay is suffering from muscular dystrophy. This is a genetic disease that occurs due to the mutation in the X-chromosome at locus Xp21(32,699,367-32,791,566). The change in the DNA sequence has lead defect in the synthesis of the dystrophin protein that is an essential constituent of the skeleton muscle tissues. As this disease is passed from the X-chromosome, the child has inherited this disease from his mother. Moreover, the male infants have higher chance of suffering from this disease as they have only one X-chromosome present. Hence, in most case, the female are the carrier of this disease and males are the sufferer. The cytogenetics investigation with the help of molecular karyotyping technique is used to diagnosis of this disease. The online database of OMIM is used to refer the gene mapping that is obtained after molecular karyotyping. The UCSC online gene browser is utilized in this case for the diagnosis of this disease. In spite of the fact that is no permanent care for the muscular dystrophy, there are few techniques that can provide temporary relief by providing support to the muscle. Reference Angelini, C., 2014. Becker Muscular Dystrophy. InGenetic Neuromuscular Disorders(pp. 13-17). Springer International Publishing. Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgc?gsid=548173917_7bonpjleQ4j6NloFfHjNVHwX5APLc=chrXl=24900000r=37800000o=30308772t=30308773g=omimAvSnpi=300473.0021 [Accessed 18 Oct. 2016]. Dick, E., Kalra, S., Anderson, D., George, V., Ritso, M., Laval, S.H., Barresi, R., Aartsma-Rus, A., Lochmller, H. and Denning, C., 2013. Exon skipping and gene transfer restore dystrophin expression in human induced pluripotent stem cells-cardiomyocytes harboring DMD mutations.Stem cells and development,22(20), pp.2714-2724. Duan, Q., Flynn, C., Niepel, M., Hafner, M., Muhlich, J.L., Fernandez, N.F., Rouillard, A.D., Tan, C.M., Chen, E.Y., Golub, T.R. and Sorger, P.K., 2014. LINCS Canvas Browser: interactive web app to query, browse and interrogate LINCS L1000 gene expression signatures.Nucleic acids research, p.gku476. Ettorre, E., 2013.Reproductive genetics, gender and the body.Routledge. Gerstung, M., Pellagatti, A., Malcovati, L., Giagounidis, A., Della Porta, M.G., Jdersten, M., Dolatshad, H., Verma, A., Cross, N.C., Vyas, P. and Killick, S., 2015. Combining gene mutation with gene expression data improves outcome prediction in myelodysplastic syndromes.Nature communications,6. Gil, M.M., Quezada, M.S., Bregant, B., Ferraro, M. and Nicolaides, K.H., 2013. Implementation of maternal blood cell?free DNA testing in early screening for aneuploidies.Ultrasound in Obstetrics Gynecology,42(1), pp.34-40. Hamerton, J.L., 2013.Human Cytogenetics: Clinical Cytogenetics(Vol. 2). Academic Press. Ishmukhametova, A., Chen, J.M., Bernard, R., Massy, B., Baudat, F., Boyer, A., Mchin, D., Thorel, D., Chabrol, B., Vincent, M.C. and Khau Van Kien, P., 2013. Dissecting the structure and mechanism of a complex duplicationtriplication rearrangement in the DMD gene.Human mutation,34(8), pp.1080-1084. Mendell, J.R., Rodino?Klapac, L.R., Sahenk, Z., Roush, K., Bird, L., Lowes, L.P., Alfano, L., Gomez, A.M., Lewis, S., Kota, J. and Malik, V., 2013. Eteplirsen for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Annals of neurology,74(5), pp.637-647. Omim.org. (2016). About OMIM. [online] Available at: https://www.omim.org/about [Accessed 18 Oct. 2016]. Patassini, C., Garolla, A., Bottacin, A., Menegazzo, M., Speltra, E., Foresta, C. and Ferlin, A., 2013. Molecular karyotyping of human single sperm by array-comparative genomic hybridization.PloS one,8(4), p.e60922. Stenson, P.D., Mort, M., Ball, E.V., Shaw, K., Phillips, A.D. and Cooper, D.N., 2014. The Human Gene Mutation Database: building a comprehensive mutation repository for clinical and molecular genetics, diagnostic testing and personalized genomic medicine.Human genetics,133(1), pp.1-9. Stephanie, C.Y., Jiang, P., Choy, K.W., Chan, K.C.A., Won, H.S., Leung, W.C., Lau, E.T., Tang, M.H., Leung, T.Y., Lo, Y.M.D. and Chiu, R.W., 2013. Noninvasive prenatal molecular karyotyping from maternal plasma.PloS one,8(4), p.e60968. Strmecki, L., Hudler, P., Benedik-Dolni?ar, M. and Komel, R., 2014.De novo mutation in DMD gene in a patient with combined hemophilia A and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.International journal of hematology,99(2), pp.184-187. Yiu, E.M. and Kornberg, A.J., 2015. Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Journal of paediatrics and child health,51(8), pp.759-764. Zong, L., Guan, J., Ealy, M., Zhang, Q., Wang, D., Wang, H., Zhao, Y., Shen, Z., Campbell, C.A., Wang, F. and Yang, J., 2015. Mutations in apoptosis-inducing factor cause X-linked recessive auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder.Journal of medical genetics, pp.jmedgenet-2014.

Managing People in Organization Committee

Question: Discuss about the Managing People in Organization Committee. Answer: Introduction: Carol Roberts being in charge of the SpringFest of her college has the responsibility of making their committee members work efficiently. The four committee members that are present under Carol are not working as effectively as they should. In order to utilise their talents and execute a successful annual program, Carol must motivate the team members. She must acknowledge their talents, guide them and approach them differently. There are four members present in the committee. All these members are from different backgrounds with different perspectives. Approaching all the four members together would lead to confusion and complications (Beaven 2015). It would be the case where some of the members would agree to the point being placed by Carol, whereas other would not. Hence, it is quite important for Carol to communicate with the members differently. As stated by Armstrong and Taylor (2014), communicating with a smaller team uses less effort than that of a large team. It would be easier for Carol to approach small team members individually. She would be able to motivate and guide them more quickly and efficiently. If I had been a member of the committee group for SpringFest, I would have preferred Carol to approach me with an individual interaction. It would be easier for both of us to communicate the issues that are prevailing in organising the fest. It would have been easier for Carol to motivate me by analysing my talents, strengths and weaknesses. Individual interaction would help me feel as an important contributor of this event to make it successful. Reference Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Beaven, D.F., Virtualagility Inc., 2015.Managing collaborative activity. U.S. Patent 8,977,689.

Masters of Accounting and International Finance †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Masters of Accounting and International Finance. Answer: Analysing the Companies and Market used in the portfolio SP ASX 200 the Market Index: Currently SP ASX 200 Has provided a return of 15.07% on 52 weak bases, with a 3.96% change on year to date basis. This mainly be indicates that SP ASX 200 is obtaining higher highs on each fiscal year.The current 52 week high of SP ASX 200 is mainly at 5950.10 with a 52 week low of 5051.00 (Bloomberg.com 2017). The difference in overall low and high mainly indicates the gains that are obtained by SP ASX 200 on the fiscal year. Thus, it could be understood that the increment value of SP ASX 200 could mainly allow investors to increase the return from investment. Agl Energy Ltd (AGL AT Equity): Agl Energy Ltd with a current 52 week high of 28.47 and 52-week low of 16.50 indicates a relatively growing company. The current pricing of Agl Energy Ltd is mainly at 22.70, which is a relatively close to the 52-week high of the company. Furthermore, the PE ratio of the company is mainly at 51.03 with an YTD change of 25.4% and 5-year growth of 6.17% (Bloomberg.com 2017). This relevant increment in stock price is comprised with a beta of 0.74, which indicates the overall risk of investment. Thus, it could be understood that Agl Energy Ltd is an adequate investment option, which could be used by investors to increase the overall return from investment. BHP Billiton Ltd (BHP AT Equity): The current pricing of BHP Billiton is mainly at 24.31, which is a relatively close to the 52-week high of the company. In addition, BHP Billiton has a 52-week high of 27.95 and 52-week low of 17.29, which mainly depicts the relevant growth attained by the company in the fiscal year (Bloomberg.com 2017). Moreover, PE ratio of BHP Billiton is mainly at 39.36 with a 5-year growth of -6.99% and YTD change of -2.99%. The beta mainly comprises of 1.57, which indicates the overall risk of investment. The relevant increment in risk and reduced group of the stock mainly indicates the high risk in investing in BHP Billiton stocks. Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA AT Equity): The Commonwealth Bank of Australia currently has a PE ratio of 15.57 with a YTD change of 4.66% and 5 year growth of 5.4%. Commonwealth Bank with a current 52-week high of 86.68 and 52-week low of 69.22 indicates a relatively growth attained by the company. Commonwealth Bank is currently priced at 22.70, which is a relatively close to the 52-week high of the company. Commonwealth Bank currently trades at the value of 86.25, which is relatively close to the 52-week high and depicts the relevant growth attained by the company in fiscal year (Bloomberg.com 2017). Furthermore, beta of stock is mainly at 1.13, which indicates the overall risk of investment. Therefore, the overall return and risk capacity of Commonwealth Bank of Australia is viable, which could eventually help investors in generating higher revenue from investment. CSL Ltd (CSL AT Equity): CSL Ltd currently trades at the value of 86.25, which is relatively close to the 52-week high and depicts the relevant growth attained by the company in fiscal year. The CSL Ltd currently has a PE ratio of 33.33 with a YTD change of 27.46% and 5 year growth of 16.71%. CSL Ltd with a current 52-week high of 129.70 and 52-week low of 91.62 indicates a strong trend attained by the company (Bloomberg.com 2017). Furthermore, beta of stock is mainly at 0.70, which indicates the overall risk of investment. Therefore, the overall return and risk capacity of CSL Ltd is viable, which portrays an effective investment opportunity. The growth in returning and YTD eventually helps in identifying the relevant financial condition of the company, which would allow investors to make adequate decisions. Fortescue Metals Group Ltd (FMG AT Equit)y: Fortescue Metals Group Ltd currently trades at the value of 5.50 and depicts the relevant growth attained by the company in fiscal year. The Fortescue Metals Group Ltd currently has a PE ratio of 6.86 with an YTD change of -6.62% and 5 year growth of 31.95%. CSL Ltd with a current 52-week high of 7.27 and 52-week low of 2.81 indicates a strong trend attained by the company (Bloomberg.com 2017). Furthermore, beta of stock is mainly at 1.61, which indicates the overall risk of investment. Therefore, the overall return and risk capacity of Fortescue Metals Group Ltd is not viable, as compared overall risk is relevant higher and no adequate returns provided to the investors. The growth in returning and YTD eventually helps in identifying the relevant financial condition of the company, Transurban Group (TCL AT Equity): The current pricing of Transurban Group is at 11.97, where the YTD change is at 15.99% with a 52-week high of 12.655 and 52-week low of 9.45. Furthermore, the company's beta as compared to the index is at 0.56. The Transurban Group current PE ratio is under 190.44, with a 5-year net growth has of 11.35% from the evaluation (Bloomberg.com 2017). Therefore, the overall return and risk capacity of Transurban Group is viable, as compared overall risk has relevant returns provided to the investors. Telstra Corp Ltd (TLS AT Equity): The PE ratio of Telstra Corp Ltd is at 14.56 with a 5-year net growth of 2.06% identified from the Bloomberg price quote (Bloomberg.com 2017). The company overall current share price is within the confinements of the 52-week low, which indicates that price of the company is relatively falling. The spot price of Telstra Corp Ltd is at 4.16 with an YTD change of -18.43%, where the current 52-week low at 4.15 and 52-week high is at 5.86. Moreover, the beta is at 0.69, which states the risk involved with investment. Therefore, after seeing the overall return from the company, it is advisable for investors to evaluate the current scenario and invest according to their risk capacity. Westfield Corp (WFD AT Equity): The spot price of Westfield Corp is at 9.32 and YTD change of -0.64%, with its x 52-week low at 8.21 and 52-week high is at 11.14 (Bloomberg.com 2017). The PE ratio of Westfield Corp is at 10.73 with its 5-year net growth at -7.54%, which depicts the relevant decline in financial stability of the company. In addition, the company's beta is actually at 0.71, which states the reduced volatility that might be faced by the company from capital market. Seeing all the relevant growth and price structure of the company it is not advisable to invest in it without adequate research. Woolworths Ltd (WOW AT Equity): The share price of Woolworths Ltd is at 26.47, with YTD changes of 9.83%, where its 52-week low at 20.30 and 52-week high is at 26.98 (Bloomberg.com 2017). The PE ratio of the company is at 18.57 and 5-year net growth is at -11.58%, which depicts the reduced valuation. Moreover, the company's beta is at 1.02, which depicts ability to reduce the overall risk from investment. Therefore, investment in the overall company could eventually increase risk from investment and hamper profitability of the investors. Woodside Petroleum Ltd (WPL AT Equity): The Woodside Petroleum Ltd PE ratio is 24.16 with a 5-year net growth of 1.14%, which depicts relevant growth opportunity of the company. The spot price of Woodside Petroleum Ltd is at 33.15, with an YTD change at 6.39%, where its 52-week low at 24.98 and 52-week high is at 33.97 (Bloomberg.com 2017). The company's beta is actually at 1.11, which depicts risk involved from investment. Seeing the return investors could investment in the company according to their risk appetite. Correlation among ten stocks and Market Index with stocks: The evaluation of the correlation table mainly depicts the positive relation between returns of index and other 10 companies included in the portfolio. This positive correlation mainly allows the investors to understand that with an increment in the index portfolio might also grow, raising the overall profits from investment. Avdjiev, McCauley and Shin (2016) argued that use of correlation mainly allows investors to detect stocks, which could be used for hedging purposes. From appendix 1, overall correlation could be understood between all the stocks and index. Furthermore, there is positive correlation, which is identified between the 10 stocks and index, which could help the investor adequately gain income from the index momentum. Brooks (2014) stated that correlation table during an economic crisis loses its fiction and must not be used until adequate growth could be witnessed. Portfolio Analysis: Portraying valuation of Treynor and Sharpe ratios from 13 April 2012 of 10 stocks The evaluation of equally weighted portfolio that is depicted appendix 2 mainly portrays the return of 59.9%. The portfolio consists of the 500 million, which is equally distributed among all the relevant 10 stocks used in the portfolio. The derivation of equally weighted portfolio mainly helps in understanding the relevant risk and return that might be provided from investment. The beta of the Portfolio was near 0.97, which indicates the high risk involved in investment. Thus, a decline in this capital market index could hamper overall portfolio returns and reduce investment capital. Furthermore, the portfolio mainly has a Treynor ratio of a 0.59 miler Sharpe ratio of 2.47 this depicts the consistency in providing returns of the companies enlisted in the portfolio. In this context, Chen, Ng and Tsang (2014) mentioned that use of adequate portfolio allows investors to detect relevant investment opportunities by reducing the walrus from investment. On the other hand, Damodaran (2016) argued that without adequate research formation of portfolio could result in a high risk and low return, which might in turn help of investment capital of the investor. Moreover, the evaluation of equally weighted portfolio mainly depicts that it is not adequate as the risk from investment is relatively high. Thus, the return and risk from the Portfolio could eventually hamper investor's ability to sustain its momentum in the market. Depicting on the performance of different portfolios and stating its performance measures: There are relevantly 21 portfolios portfolio weights, which is derived from the calculation. These 21 portfolios consists of returns from 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 20% and 25%. The portfolio which consisting of the above returns are mainly depicted in appendix 3. From appendix 3, the overall efficiency of the portfolios with relative risk is identified with could help investors in meeting at a good investment decisions. These different portfolios mainly comprise of different risks, which is involved in the Investment that might be conducted by the investor. The determination of different stocks with different weights mainly allow investors to identify the most optimal risk attribute which they want to follow for gathering the required rate of return. Guerard, Markowitz and Xu (2015) stated that use of efficient Frontier Mini allows investors to detect the viable investment option which has the minimum risk and maximum return. On the other hand, Gilpin (2016) argued that portfolio mainly loses its friction if wrong valuation is conducted and no hedging strategies are used for reducing any kind of risk from investment. From the overall evaluation of appendix 3, there is no convergence identified, which could hamper the overall profitability of the investment. In addition, the use of adequate calculations allowed in detecting, the risk involved in each of the returns defected about. The relative decline of risk was witnessed where from the return of 1% to 11% where is declined from 18.5% to 11.48%. However, after returns from 12% the risk mainly increased, as the return increased where risk of 11.46% could be seen for return of 13% and a risk of 13.38% could be seen for return of 20%. This relevant increment in risk and return indicates that rising income is supported by e more risk that needs to be faced by investors. According to Lee and Dai (2017), use of adequate investment portfolio could eventually help investors in reducing the risk involved in investment and maintain a continuous return generating portfolio. Furthermore, relevant analysis is conducted based on Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio, Portfolio beta, risks and return. This evaluation many help in understanding the overall impact of the portfolio construction and how it would help investors in improving the return. Whereas, the Sharpe ratio and Treynor ratio is increasing from 1% return to 25% return. However, the beta of the portfolios also decreases from 1% to 25%. This mainly suggests that use of adequate portfolio could eventually help investors in gaining higher return with investing a low risk in their portfolio. From the overall evaluation, it could be understood that use of adequate portfolio creation mainly allows investors to reduce the risk and increase return from the investment. In addition, the portfolio creation also allows investors to minimize risk and increase return level that they need to achieve during the overall investment period. Rutkauskas, Stasytyte and Borisova (2015) mentioned that use of adequate portfolio allows investors to obtain a constant gain from investment. Commenting on the general global minimum variance portfolio and efficient frontier: The evaluation of appendix 4, mainly depicts the Global minimum variance portfolio that could be used by the investor for increasing the overall return. In addition, the overall portfolio return of 12% is identified, as the most viable option, which could increase return from investment. The minimum variance portfolio derived from the calculation mainly provides relevant return of 82.28% from the tenure of 5 years. The overall portfolio beta is derived at 0.173, which is relatively below with the overall beta of equally weighted portfolio.This only indicates that the minimum variance portfolio has a higher return than the equal weighted portfolio, which in turn could help investor increase overall return from investment. Furthermore, the portfolio only comprises of 9 stocks where the FMG at equity is mainly ignored due to the high risk involved in its investment. The minimum variance portfolio mainly chooses stock, which have the least risk and provide a constant income.This derivati on of constant in company allows investors to maintain a level of cash inflow, which might support its future endeavours. Spronk, Steuer and Zopounidis (2016) mentioned that use of adequate portfolio investors to create wealth and increase the current capital investment structure. References: Aouni, B., Colapinto, C. and La Torre, D., 2014. Financial portfolio management through the goal programming model: Current state-of-the-art.European Journal of Operational Research,234(2), pp.536-545. Avdjiev, S., McCauley, R.N. and Shin, H.S., 2016. Breaking free of the triple coincidence in international finance.Economic Policy,31(87), pp.409-451. Bloomberg.com. (2017).Bloomberg - Asia Edition. [online] Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/asia [Accessed 16 May 2017]. Brooks, C., 2014.Introductory econometrics for finance. Cambridge university press. Chatfield, M. and Vangermeersch, R., 2014.The history of accounting (RLE accounting): an international encylopedia. Routledge. Chen, L., Ng, J. and Tsang, A., 2014. The effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on international cross-listings.The Accounting Review,90(4), pp.1395-1435. Damodaran, A., 2016.Damodaran on valuation: security analysis for investment and corporate finance(Vol. 324). John Wiley Sons. Endenich, C., Hoffjan, A., Schlichting, T. and Trapp, R., 2016. Harmonizing management accounting in international subsidiaries: beyond national borders.Journal of Business Strategy,37(1), pp.27-33. Gilpin, R., 2016.The political economy of international relations. Princeton University Press. Guerard, J.B., Markowitz, H. and Xu, G., 2015. Earnings forecasting in a global stock selection model and efficient portfolio construction and management.International Journal of Forecasting,31(2), pp.550-560. Kaiser, M.G., El Arbi, F. and Ahlemann, F., 2015. Successful project portfolio management beyond project selection techniques: Understanding the role of structural alignment.International Journal of Project Management,33(1), pp.126-139. Kolm, P.N., Ttnc, R. and Fabozzi, F.J., 2014. 60 Years of portfolio optimization: Practical challenges and current trends.European Journal of Operational Research,234(2), pp.356-371. Lee, C.F. and Dai, T.S., 2017. Recap of the 24th Annual Conference on Pacific Basin Finance, Economics, Accounting, and Management.Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies,20(01), p.1750007. Mahakud, J. and Mishra, C.S., 2014. Security Analysis and Portfolio Management management.Strategic Management Journal,35(2), pp.246-268. Rutkauskas, A.V., Stasytyte, V. and Borisova, J., 2015. Adequate portfolio as a conceptual model of investment profitability, risk and reliability adjustment to investor s interests .Economics and Management, (14), pp.1170-1174. Spronk, J., Steuer, R.E. and Zopounidis, C., 2016. Multicriteria decision aid/analysis in finance. InMultiple Criteria Decision Analysis(pp. 1011-1065). Springer New York. Stadelmann, M., Michaelowa, A. and Roberts, J.T., 2013. Difficulties in accounting for private finance in international climate policy.Climate Policy,13(6), pp.718-737. Tarca, A., Morris, R.D. and Moy, M., 2013. An investigation of the relationship between use of international accounting standards and source of company finance in Germany.Abacus,49(1), pp.74-98. Yu, G. and Wahid, A.S., 2014. Accounting standards and international portfolio holdings.The Accounting Review,89(5), pp.1895-1930.

What does Hou Hsiao

One of the foremost features of realist editing in cinema is directors’ utilization of particularly long takes, which are meant to ensure the spatio-temporal unity of the explored themes and motifs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What does Hou Hsiao-Hsien achieve through the use of the long takes in the film? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apparently, by choosing in favor of long takes, as the integral element of realist movies’ spatio-temporal structure, directors are able to achieve a number of aesthetic objectives, such as ensuring the plausibility of movies’ semantic content, providing viewers with the in-depth insight into the workings of characters’ psyche, and allowing viewers to gain a better understanding of the explored themes and motifs’ significance. Moreover, according to Bazin, viewers’ exposure to the realistically edited movies, which feature an abundan ce of long takes, helps them to address their innermost psychological anxieties, concerned with viewers’ strive to preserve the spatial three-dimensionality of existence.1 As it was noted by Nitzan, ‘The long deep-focused take, enhancing †¦ three-dimensionality of objects shot in close-up†¦ satisfies spectators’ craving for the mummification of being while positioning them in such a way that they could aesthetically experience the flowing passage of objective time’2 In this paper, I will aim to explore the validity of an earlier suggestion at length, while analyzing what appears to be the significance of utilization of long takes in Hou’s 2001 film Millennium mambo. The foremost aspect of how Hou went about providing the in-depth portrayal of film’s characters is the fact that, in Millennium mambo he refrained from emphasizing these characters’ singled-out psychological traits, while allowing viewers the liberty of interpreti ng them on their own, within the context of how the characters are being shown in the process of tackling life’s challenges. In its turn, this endows Millennium mambo with the spirit of intellectual honesty. After all, unlike what it is being the case with formalist/expressionist directors, in this particular movie Hou had made a point in treating audience’s members as such that are being fully capable of defining the semiotic significance of film’s themes and motifs, without a director needing to actively ‘assist’ them, in this respect. In its turn, this leaves very little doubt as to the fact that the specifics of Hou film’s editing are indeed being consistent with Bazin’s idea as to what accounts for the extent of a particular cinematographic work’s spatio-temporal unity, which according to this French movie-critic is being reflective of the extent of director’s willingness to treat viewers as ‘existential sovere igns’, fully capable of relying on their own sense of rationale, when it comes to defining the essentials of film’s aesthetic/semiotic appeal.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This, of course, reveals Hou as a devotee of realist editing, concerned with the absence of ‘expressionist tricks’, such as back-in-time flashbacks, the presence of abstractionist close-ups, and the deliberately undermined integrity of film’s temporal spatiality. As Totaro pointed it out, ‘Expressive editing invents meaning through juxtaposition of the images†¦This is trickery; it removes the freedom on the part of the spectator†¦ If the scene has only one simple meaning why insult the audience’s intelligence with needless and obvious close-ups? Contrarily, if the scene is complex why presuppose only one meaning?’3 Nevertheless, even though ther e are no traces of expressionist editing in Millennium mambo, in this film Huo did succeed with revealing the whole scope of characters’ psychological traits – mainly, by the mean of ensuring the spatio-temporal soundness of characters’ ‘in-action’ representation. For example, the beginning of the movie features a rather prolonged take of Vicky walking down the sidewalk (00.02.06 – 00.04.37). Yet, despite the fact that this take is not being formally concerned with director’s intention to provide viewers with the better understanding of Vicky, as a character, by being exposed to the earlier mentioned scene spectators do in fact gain a certain insight into Vicky’s psychological constitution. The reason for this is simple – the manner in which Vicky walks (with the cigarette in her hand) implies her being a rather spontaneous person, who take life as it comes, while trying to enjoy it to the best of her ability. The watchin g of movie’s consequential parts does confirm the soundness of the initial insight into the essence of Vicky’s existential mode, provided by this particular scene. After all, throughout movie’s entirety, Vicky never ceases to position herself as an easy-going individual, who is being quick enough to forgive her boyfriend’s (Hao-Hao) verbal and physical abuses. As it was mentioned earlier, the realist editing, closely associated with directors’ willingness to utilize long takes, often results in endowing realistic movies with the spirit of perceptional authenticity/genuineness. The reason for this is apparent – by representing characters’ act in a spatially prolonged manner, directors encourage viewers to draw parallels between the ‘cinematographic reality’ on the screen and the reality of their every-day living.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What does Hou Hsiao-Hsien achieve through the use of the long takes in the film? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Given the fact that the reality of people’s every-day living often appears rather unsightly, in aesthetical sense of this word, it does not come as a particular surprise that many of realistically edited movies’ long takes represent reality ‘as it is’, even if such reality’s cinematographic representation appears to be detached from movie’s main idea. The scene, in which Vicky and her friends socialize in the bar (00.04.49-00.10.07), illustrates the legitimacy of an earlier suggestion. After all, the main feature of this scene is that the conversations, which take place between the partying individuals, do overlap to the point of being unintelligible to the viewers. This, however, does not lessen scene’s cinematographic appeal because, by being exposed to this particular take, viewers do get the genuine sensation of how they would feel, had they found themselves among the partying young people. Just as it is being the case in Orson Welles’s film Citizen Kane, which contains a number of spatially prolonged scenes, in which characters’ conversations can hardly be heard, due to the loudly played music in the background, the ‘bar scene’ in Millennium mambo cannot be referred to as being particularly appealing, if assessed through the lenses of classical editing-methodology. As Martin suggested, ‘Hou films his dinner-table or restaurant scenes (and bar scenes, we may add) with a kind of maximum suppression of expository, explanatory information, and by the same token a maximum openness to all the instant possibilities of interrelation, of reshuffling of intersubjective identities’.4 Yet, when analyzed within the context of what represents this film’s overall semiotic significance, the spatially prolonged take of Vicky and her friends being shown in the bar appears in dispensible, as it does provide audiences with a comprehensible insight into characters’ positioning in life. Moreover, viewers’ exposure to this particular take does convince them (on unconscious level) that, unlike what it is being often the case with expressionist directors, the ideologically-charged manipulation with the specifics of their psyche’s functioning never accounted for Hou’s subtle agenda.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the earlier mentioned take, director had left it for the audience’s members to define their own attitude to what they get to see on the screen – those who are being no strangers to socializing in the bar will be most likely to find the spirit, emanated by this take, appealing. Alternatively, moralistically minded viewers will be most likely to find the ‘bar scene’ as an implicit proof of characters’ moral depravity. However, the earlier outlined different categories of viewers will still find the ‘bar scene’ representationally honest. Apparently, Hou never ceased being aware of the foremost principle of realist editing, which presupposes the full appropriateness of cinematographic representation of reality proper. As it was noted by Wilson, ‘There is no reason why film presentation should not reflect certain aspects of the normal perceptual position. This alternative style would respect the complexity of the purely spatio-tempo ral integration of a field of action while being willing to leave, e.g., the psychological and causal integration of the action less articulated’.5 In Millennium mambo, the ‘actual reality’ appears to be the focal point of director’s attention – in full accordance with Wilson’s suggestion. The soundness of this suggestion can also be illustrated in regards to the film’s scene in which Vicky comes homes, undresses, spends some time in the shower, lights up a cigarette and ends up being annoyed by Hao-Hao’s trying to have sex with her (00.10.54-00.16.25). The whole earlier mentioned plot’s developments take place in a clearly consequential manner, with no montage cutting being applied, whatsoever. Moreover, while shooting this particular take, Hou had made a point in applying the ‘perceptually deep’ shooting-technique, made possible by director’s choosing in favor of using the camera with deep-focus lens es. In its turn, this allowed Hou to provide a clearly defined aura of three-dimensionality to the scene – even though that for duration of this scene, Hao-Hao mostly remains in Vicky’s background (in another room), viewers get to perceive him in a manner as if they happened to be physically present in Vicky’s apartment. This, of course, does add to the extent of take’s authenticity rather immensely. The same can be said about this scene’s sheer duration (6 minutes), which emphasizes the spatial particulars of a continually deteriorating relationship between Vicky and Hao-Hao. After all, as it appears from Millennium mambo, there were no many objective reasons for both characters to decide in favor of breaking up with each other for good (this is why the off-screen narrator tells that it has never taken too long for Vicky and Hao-Hao to reconcile, after having had a particular break-up). Yet, it also appears that the idea of breaking up with each o ther never ceased affecting both characters’ existential modes. The reason for this is simple – just as it is being shown in the earlier mentioned take, both: Vicky and Hao-Hao continued to co-exist in the state of an extreme psychological tension. And, it was namely by exposing viewers to the long take of Vicky and Hao-Hao dealing with their mutual annoyance of each other that the director was able to provide watching audiences with the clue as to where this tension had originated out of, in the first place. There can be little doubt as to the fact that, had Hou resorted to the classical or the expressionist editing-methodology, while striving to reveal the hidden roots of psychological incompatibility between Vicky and Hao-Hao, he would not be able to achieve the same effect. The reason for this is quite apparent – it is only when the essence of a relationship between both characters is being revealed to the viewers in a spatially plausible manner, that they c an grasp what amounted to the objective preconditions for this relationship to begin deteriorating. A good illustration to the legitimacy of an earlier statement can also serve the long-take scene in which Hao-Hao begins to grub in Vicky’s wallet and finds a long-distance calling bill, which in turn causes him to suspect her of having some affair on a side (00.33.15-00.37.38). Even though that, throughout this scene’s entirety, Hao-Hao continues to act as nothing short of a mentally deranged individual, viewers do not find Hao-Hao’s act as being utterly implausible, simply because scene’s spatio-temporal unity does help to accurately portray the subtleties of a process of an individual becoming gradually filled with the irrational anger. The foremost aspect of this process can be defined within what represents the conceptual framework of cause-effect dialectics, when one thing leads to another. After having found a long-distance calling bill in Vicky†™s wallet, Hao-Hao begins to grow ever more suspectful of his girlfriend – yet, there is a whole spectrum of emotions to this process. As it can be seen in this particular scene, Hao-Hao does try to prevent his irrational anger from taking over his rational being. However, at the scene’s conclusion, he fails at that rather miserably, while becoming enraged to the point of being ready to hit Vicky with his fist. The conversation that takes place between the two characters, heard in the scene, is helping to facilitate the extent of scene’s authenticity even further, ‘Hao-Hao: Who were you calling? Vicky: I told you, I called home! Hao-Hao: Who did you call? Vicky: I said, I called home†¦ Hao-Hao: You’d better not be lying†¦Vicky: Crazy! Why would I lie to you? Hao-Hao: I’ll fucking beat you, you know’ (00.35.48). It is needless to mention, of course, that Hou’s utilization of a continuous take (in this scene) was diale ctically predetermined, as it was the main contributing factor to ensuring scene’s spatio-temporal unity – hence, the heightened measure of this scene’s overall semiotic credibility. Nevertheless, it would be quite inappropriate to refer to Hou’s tendency to take advantage of long takes in Millennium mambo as such that is being solely concerned with director’s strive to emphasize the spatial realness of the explored themes and motifs. It appears that, by having an abundance of long takes in this particular movie, Hou also aimed to highlight the metaphysical significance of a theme of existential alienation, which is being integrally interwoven into plot’s very unraveling. There is a memorable scene in the movie, formatted as a single take, when Vicky is being shown sitting in front of the window, with viewers being exposed to the sight of passing trains outside (01.33.36 – 01.35.30). While referring to the significance of this particu lar scene, Hasumi states, ’All that is visible is a constant stream of trains passing back and forth outside the window by which she (Vicky) stands. Nothing tells her where he has gone. All she can grasp for in this foreign city is the absent shadow of his (Jack’s) treasured presence, but it has vanished into the distance’.6 It is understood, of course, that just as it is being the case with the earlier discussed movie’s scenes that feature a clearly defined spatio-temporal integrity, this particular one does help viewers to gain a better insight into Vicky’s state of mind. This, however, is not only the scene’s purpose. Apparently, while focusing camera on hotel’s window, so that viewers would get to see passing-by trains, Hou wanted to emphasize that the very passage of time results in ‘objectualization’ of people’s subjective desires and anxieties. Hence, tragic undertones to this particular scene – the p assage of time remains irrespective of how people position themselves within the reality’s spatial framework. Therefore, it will only be logical to assume that there is also a symbolical quality to how Hou went about incorporating long takes in Millennium mambo. The validity of this suggestion can be illustrated in regards to the movie’s final scene, which features a prolonged take of Yubari’s snowy street (01.38.36 – 01.39.42). Even though that there is no cinematographic action can be seen in this particular scene, it does convey the idea that the very subtleties of time’s passing naturally predispose people to continually revise their emotionally-charged attitudes towards the surrounding reality. In its turn, this idea correlates with the spirit of spontaneity, emanated by Hou’s film. The fact that Hou’s movie Millennium mambo appears to be extremely realistic may very well have to do with the particulars of director’s ethno -cultural affiliation. After all, Confucian (Apollonian) tradition does encourage its affiliates to reflect upon reality’s ‘vanishing’ emanations, as opposed to be contemplating upon how these emanations reveal the essence of some fixed ‘metaphysical’ reality, as it is being the case with Christian (Faustian) tradition, for example. Nevertheless, it would be much more appropriate to discus Hou’s cinematographic realism as such that is being reflective of his endowment of intellectual honesty and of his innate dislike of artificially sophisticate pretentiousness (the foremost feature of avant-gardist/formalist movies). In Millennium mambo, Hou positioned himself as an individual who firmly believes that, regardless of what accounts for the ethical undertones of objective reality’s manifestations, these manifestations represent the aesthetic value of ‘thing in itself’. Such Hou’s cinematographic positioning, of course, is being fully consistent with Bazin’s belief that the actual purpose of a cinematographic art is to help people to realize the full extent of reality’s aesthetic beauty ‘as it is’, without depriving this reality of its spatio-temporal unity, ‘A film form†¦ permits everything to be said without chopping the world up into little fragments that would reveal the hidden meanings in people and things†¦ without disturbing the unity natural to them’.7 Thus, it would only be logical, on my part, to conclude this paper by reinstating once again that it is namely the fact that in Millennium mambo, Hou succeeded rather marvelously in ensuring a spatial integrity of the explored themes and motifs, which accounts for this movie’s foremost aesthetic value. I believe that this conclusion is being fully consistent with paper’s initial thesis. Moreover, I believe that is namely the realist methodology of film editing, which will be inc reasingly resorted to by movie-directors in the future. The fact that, as of today, the genre of ‘auteur film’ (associated with directors’ utilization of the expressionist editing-methodology) continues to fall out of favor with the majority of moviegoers, leaves very little doubt as to the full validity of this suggestion. Reference List Adrian, M, ‘What’s happening? Story, scene and sound in Hou Hsiao-Hsien’,  Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, vol. 9, no. 2, 2008, pp. 258-270. Bazin, A, ‘The evolution of the language of cinema’, in What is cinema?, University of California Press, Berkley,1967, pp. 23-40. Hasumi, S, ‘The eloquence of the taciturn: An essay on Hou Hsiao-Hsien’, Inter –  Asia Cultural Studies, vol. 9, no. 2, 2008, pp. 184-194.  Millenium mambo, [film], Palm Pictures, New York/Taipei, 2001. Nitzan, B, Film: The key concepts, Berg Publishers, Oxford GBR, 2007. Totaro, D, ‘Andrà © Bazin: Pa rt 1, Film style theory in its historical context’, Off  Screen, 2003, retrieved https://offscreen.com/view/bazin4 Wilson, G, ‘Film, perception, and point of view’, MLN, vol. 91, no. 5, 1976, pp. 1026-1043. Footnotes 1 A Bazin ‘The evolution of the language of cinema’, in What is cinema?, University of California Press, Berkley,1968, p. 36. 2 B Nitzan, Film: The key concepts, Berg Publishers, Oxford GBR, 2007, p. 13. 3 D Totaro, ‘Andrà © Bazin: Part 1, Film style theory in its historical context’, Off Screen, 2003. 4 M Adrian, ‘What’s happening? Story, scene and sound in Hou Hsiao-Hsien’, Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, vol. 9, no. 2, 2008, p. 263. 5 G Wilson, ‘Film, perception, and point of view’, MLN, vol. 91, no. 5, 1976, p. 1031. 6S, Hasumi, ‘The eloquence of the taciturn: An essay on Hou Hsiao-Hsien’, Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, vol. 9, no. 2, 2008, p. 192. 7 Bazin, p. 38. 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